TY  - JOUR
AU  - Radulović, Dragan
AU  - Terzić, Anja
AU  - Stojanović, Jovica
AU  - Jovanović, Vladimir
AU  - Todorović, Dejan
AU  - Ivošević, Branislav
PY  - 2024
UR  - http://rims.institutims.rs/handle/123456789/816
AB  - Smelting used to be less efficient; therefore, wastes obtained from historical processing at smelter plants usually contain certain quantities of valuable metals. Upon the extraction of useful metal elements, metallurgical slag can be repurposed as an alternative mineral raw material in the building sector. A case study was conducted, which included an investigation of the physico-chemical, mineralogical, and microstructural properties of Pb–Zn slag found at the historic landfill near the Topilnica Veles smelter in North Macedonia. The slag was sampled using drill holes. The mineralogical and microstructural analysis revealed that Pb–Zn slag is a very complex and inhomogeneous alternative raw material with utilizable levels of metals, specifically Pb (2.3 wt.%), Zn (7.1 wt.%), and Ag (27.5 ppm). Crystalline mineral phases of wurtzite, sphalerite, galena, cerussite, akermanite, wüstite, monticellite, franklinite, and zincite were identified in the analyzed samples. The slag’s matrix consisted of alumino-silicates, amorphous silicates, and mixtures of spinel and silicates. Due to the economic potential of Pb, Zn, and Ag extraction, the first stage of reutilization will be to transform metal concentrates into their collective concentrate, from which the maximum amount of these crucial components can be extracted. This procedure will include combination of gravity concentration and separation techniques. The next step is to assess the Pb–Zn slag’s potential applications in civil engineering, based on its mineralogical and physico-mechanical properties. Alumino-silicates present in Pb–Zn slag, which contain high concentrations of SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and Fe2O3, are suitable for use in cementitious building composites. The goal of this research is to suggest a solution by which to close the circle of slag’s reutilization in terms of zero waste principles. It is therefore critical to thoroughly investigate the material, the established methods and preparation processes, and the ways of concentrating useful components into commercial products.
PB  - MDPI
T2  - Sustainability
T1  - Reapplication Potential of Historic Pb–Zn Slag with Regard to Zero Waste Principles
IS  - 2
VL  - 16
DO  - 10.3390/su16020720
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Radulović, Dragan and Terzić, Anja and Stojanović, Jovica and Jovanović, Vladimir and Todorović, Dejan and Ivošević, Branislav",
year = "2024",
abstract = "Smelting used to be less efficient; therefore, wastes obtained from historical processing at smelter plants usually contain certain quantities of valuable metals. Upon the extraction of useful metal elements, metallurgical slag can be repurposed as an alternative mineral raw material in the building sector. A case study was conducted, which included an investigation of the physico-chemical, mineralogical, and microstructural properties of Pb–Zn slag found at the historic landfill near the Topilnica Veles smelter in North Macedonia. The slag was sampled using drill holes. The mineralogical and microstructural analysis revealed that Pb–Zn slag is a very complex and inhomogeneous alternative raw material with utilizable levels of metals, specifically Pb (2.3 wt.%), Zn (7.1 wt.%), and Ag (27.5 ppm). Crystalline mineral phases of wurtzite, sphalerite, galena, cerussite, akermanite, wüstite, monticellite, franklinite, and zincite were identified in the analyzed samples. The slag’s matrix consisted of alumino-silicates, amorphous silicates, and mixtures of spinel and silicates. Due to the economic potential of Pb, Zn, and Ag extraction, the first stage of reutilization will be to transform metal concentrates into their collective concentrate, from which the maximum amount of these crucial components can be extracted. This procedure will include combination of gravity concentration and separation techniques. The next step is to assess the Pb–Zn slag’s potential applications in civil engineering, based on its mineralogical and physico-mechanical properties. Alumino-silicates present in Pb–Zn slag, which contain high concentrations of SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and Fe2O3, are suitable for use in cementitious building composites. The goal of this research is to suggest a solution by which to close the circle of slag’s reutilization in terms of zero waste principles. It is therefore critical to thoroughly investigate the material, the established methods and preparation processes, and the ways of concentrating useful components into commercial products.",
publisher = "MDPI",
journal = "Sustainability",
title = "Reapplication Potential of Historic Pb–Zn Slag with Regard to Zero Waste Principles",
number = "2",
volume = "16",
doi = "10.3390/su16020720"
}

Radulović, D., Terzić, A., Stojanović, J., Jovanović, V., Todorović, D.,& Ivošević, B.. (2024). Reapplication Potential of Historic Pb–Zn Slag with Regard to Zero Waste Principles. in Sustainability
MDPI., 16(2).
https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020720

Radulović D, Terzić A, Stojanović J, Jovanović V, Todorović D, Ivošević B. Reapplication Potential of Historic Pb–Zn Slag with Regard to Zero Waste Principles. in Sustainability. 2024;16(2).
doi:10.3390/su16020720 .

Radulović, Dragan, Terzić, Anja, Stojanović, Jovica, Jovanović, Vladimir, Todorović, Dejan, Ivošević, Branislav, "Reapplication Potential of Historic Pb–Zn Slag with Regard to Zero Waste Principles" in Sustainability, 16, no. 2 (2024),
https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020720 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Radulović, Dragan
AU  - Jovanović, Vladimir
AU  - Todorović, Dejan
AU  - Ivošević, Branislav
AU  - Stojanović, Jovica
AU  - Milićević, Sonja
AU  - Terzić, Anja
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://rims.institutims.rs/handle/123456789/574
AB  - According to earlier physical-chemical and mineralogical analysis, slag from "Topionica"- Veles (Northern Macedonia) represents a potentially important raw resource. It is an inhomogeneous raw material with considerable nonferrous metal content, particularly Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ag (considered as a precious metal). This technogenic resource's mineralogical analysis revealed a very complex composition: amorphous phase, lead alloys, zinc alloys, wüstite (FeO), sphalerite, galena, cerussite, elemental silver, elemental copper, elemental iron, magnetite, spinel, rutile, hematite, troilite (FeS). The most abundant phase is an amorphous phase (glassy matrix) composed of spinel, silicate, and mixed (spinel-silicate). The sample has substantially less wüstite, that appears as skeletal inclusions in the glassy matrix. SEM investigation revealed the presence of Fe-Mn-Zn spinels in the Pb-Zn slag, as well as Pb and Zn alloys. These alloys are primarily composed of Cu. The grains of these phases are up to 100μm appearing as inclusions (usually as complex inclusions with a glassy matrix of elemental iron and wüstite). Grains bigger than 100μm in length are typically free or have simple inclusions. The biggest grains in the aforementioned stages have diameters of up to 300μm. The mineralogical study revealed that the Pb-Zn slag is a very complex raw material. It is required to investigate it in detail and establish the methods in which it can be done in order to value it and eventually apply it. Every stage of the preparation process has to be accompanied by numerous analyzes that will indicate the relevance of the preparation process and ways of concentrating useful components into commercial products.
C3  - Serbian Ceramic Society Conference “Advanced Ceramic and Application XI – New frontiers in multifunctional material science and processing”, Book of Abstracts, Belgrade, Serbia
T1  - Technical features of Pb-Zn slag that allow its valorization and application
SP  - 81
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rims_574
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Radulović, Dragan and Jovanović, Vladimir and Todorović, Dejan and Ivošević, Branislav and Stojanović, Jovica and Milićević, Sonja and Terzić, Anja",
year = "2023",
abstract = "According to earlier physical-chemical and mineralogical analysis, slag from "Topionica"- Veles (Northern Macedonia) represents a potentially important raw resource. It is an inhomogeneous raw material with considerable nonferrous metal content, particularly Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ag (considered as a precious metal). This technogenic resource's mineralogical analysis revealed a very complex composition: amorphous phase, lead alloys, zinc alloys, wüstite (FeO), sphalerite, galena, cerussite, elemental silver, elemental copper, elemental iron, magnetite, spinel, rutile, hematite, troilite (FeS). The most abundant phase is an amorphous phase (glassy matrix) composed of spinel, silicate, and mixed (spinel-silicate). The sample has substantially less wüstite, that appears as skeletal inclusions in the glassy matrix. SEM investigation revealed the presence of Fe-Mn-Zn spinels in the Pb-Zn slag, as well as Pb and Zn alloys. These alloys are primarily composed of Cu. The grains of these phases are up to 100μm appearing as inclusions (usually as complex inclusions with a glassy matrix of elemental iron and wüstite). Grains bigger than 100μm in length are typically free or have simple inclusions. The biggest grains in the aforementioned stages have diameters of up to 300μm. The mineralogical study revealed that the Pb-Zn slag is a very complex raw material. It is required to investigate it in detail and establish the methods in which it can be done in order to value it and eventually apply it. Every stage of the preparation process has to be accompanied by numerous analyzes that will indicate the relevance of the preparation process and ways of concentrating useful components into commercial products.",
journal = "Serbian Ceramic Society Conference “Advanced Ceramic and Application XI – New frontiers in multifunctional material science and processing”, Book of Abstracts, Belgrade, Serbia",
title = "Technical features of Pb-Zn slag that allow its valorization and application",
pages = "81",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rims_574"
}

Radulović, D., Jovanović, V., Todorović, D., Ivošević, B., Stojanović, J., Milićević, S.,& Terzić, A.. (2023). Technical features of Pb-Zn slag that allow its valorization and application. in Serbian Ceramic Society Conference “Advanced Ceramic and Application XI – New frontiers in multifunctional material science and processing”, Book of Abstracts, Belgrade, Serbia, 81.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rims_574

Radulović D, Jovanović V, Todorović D, Ivošević B, Stojanović J, Milićević S, Terzić A. Technical features of Pb-Zn slag that allow its valorization and application. in Serbian Ceramic Society Conference “Advanced Ceramic and Application XI – New frontiers in multifunctional material science and processing”, Book of Abstracts, Belgrade, Serbia. 2023;:81.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rims_574 .

Radulović, Dragan, Jovanović, Vladimir, Todorović, Dejan, Ivošević, Branislav, Stojanović, Jovica, Milićević, Sonja, Terzić, Anja, "Technical features of Pb-Zn slag that allow its valorization and application" in Serbian Ceramic Society Conference “Advanced Ceramic and Application XI – New frontiers in multifunctional material science and processing”, Book of Abstracts, Belgrade, Serbia (2023):81,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rims_574 .