Koroziono dejstvo rastvornih soli u zidovima od opeka

Abstract

U radu je dat kratak prikaz, pojave eflorescencije rastvornih soli kod opeka ugrađenih u fasadne zidove. Oštećenja fasadnih opeka povezano je sa prodorom vode u zidove. Oštećenje i degradacija opeka nastaje u uslovima eksploatacije kao rezultat hidratacionih ili kristalizacionih pritisaka odnosno nastanka i pojave rastvornih soli na površini opeka. Specijalna pažnja posvećena je pojavi rastvornih soli nastalih kao rezultat hemijske reakcije između cemetnog maltera i opeka u specijalnim klimatskim uslovima. Na osnovu analize više slučajeva iz prakse ukazan je način nastanka i metode za indentifikaciju rastvornih soli. U principu zaštita zidova se vrši na taj način što se sprečava prodor vode u zidove u toku gradnje i dodatnom hidrofobnom zaštitom kompletnih zidova po završetku gradnje.

The paper describes, in short, the appearance of salt efflorescence on facing brick walls building of structure. Deterioration of facing brick is related to the phenomenon of water penetration into the building material. Damage and degradation of facing brick, in exploitation, can be the result of dissolution of hydrating and crystallizing pressures and efflorescence of dissolved salts on product surface. The special attention has been pointed to the appearances of salt effloresce as a chemical reaction between cement mortar and bricks under certain climatic conditions. According to the analysis of the occurrences from practice, the review of methods used for identification and genesis of salt efflorescence, has been also presented. As a principle, protection of facing brick is based on preventing or making it difficult for water to penetrate the material, which is achieved, by additional treatment of all masonry with hydrophobic protective agents.